Status of NO sub x control for coal-fired power plants

The status of technologies for controlling emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from coal-fired power plants is reviewed. A discussion of current technology as well as future NOx control approaches is presented. Advanced combustion approaches are included as well as post-combustion alternatives such as catalytic and noncatalytic ammonia-bases systems and wet scrubbing. Special emphasis is given to unresolved development issues as they relate to practical applications on coal-fired power plants

As pequenas brocas do cupuacu, Xyleborus sp. e Hypocryphalus sp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae): danos e indicacoes de manejo em sistemas agroflorestais de Rondonia.

Trabalho desenvolvido em dois sistemas Agroflorestais na zona rural de Porto Velho - Rondonia. Num deles, ocupando area de 0,6ha, foram plantados cupuacu e bandarra(Schilozobium amazonicum), alem de outras duas especies madeireiras, teca (Tectona grandis) e mogno (Swietenia macrophylla). No outro sistema com area de 1,3ha foram plantadaos cupuacu, pupunha e banana. Alem destas, o sistema recebeu as especies madeireiras: teca, mogno, cedro (Cedrela odorata), ipe (Tabebuia), cerejeira (Torresea acreana, freijo (Cordia sp) e copaiba (Copaifera multijuga). Considerou-se o ataque de Xyleborus sp e Hypocrypahlus sp em relacao as condicoes de cultivo implementadas para o cupuacu em Rondonia. Traz indicacoes de manejo de cultivo em sistemas agroflorestais em areas de "derruba & queima", onde a presenca de tocos(madeira morta) e frequente e significativa.bitstream/item/56213/1/Circ.T-270001.pd

Liquid crystal anchoring transitions on aligning substrates processed by plasma beam

We observe a sequence of the anchoring transitions in nematic liquid crystals (NLC) sandwiched between the hydrophobic polyimide substrates treated with the plasma beam. There is a pronounced continuous transition from homeotropic to low tilted (nearly planar) alignment with the easy axis parallel to the incidence plane of the plasma beam (the zenithal transition) that takes place as the exposure dose increases. In NLC with positive dielectric anisotropy, a further increase in the exposure dose results in in-plane reorientation of the easy axis by 90 degrees (the azimuthal transition). This transition occurs through the two-fold degenerated alignment characteristic for the second order anchoring transitions. In contrast to critical behavior of anchoring, the contact angle of NLC and water on the treated substrates monotonically declines with the exposure dose. It follows that the surface concentration of hydrophobic chains decreases continuously. The anchoring transitions under consideration are qualitatively interpreted by using a simple phenomenological model of competing easy axes which is studied by analyzing anchoring diagrams of the generalized polar and non-polar anchoring models.Comment: revtex4, 18 pages, 10 figure

Tratamentos para superar a dormência de sementes de bandarra (Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke).

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Practical ultrasonographic technique to precisely identify and differentiate tendons and ligaments of the elbow at the level of the humeral epicondyles: anatomical study.

To develop a practical step-by-step technique to precisely identify and differentiate tendons and ligaments attaching to the humeral epicondyles, to confirm through gross anatomical study the accurate structure identification provided by this technique and to determine the frequency at which each structure can be identified in healthy volunteers. First, ten fresh frozen cadavers (6 men, age at death = 58-92 years) were examined by two musculoskeletal radiologists and a step-by-step technique for the identification of tendons and ligaments at the level of humeral epicondyles was developed. Second, the accurate identification of structures was confirmed through gross anatomical study including anatomical sections on five specimens and layer-by-layer dissection technique on five others. Finally, 12 healthy volunteers (6 men, average age = 36, range = 28-52) were scanned by two radiologists following the same technique. An ultrasonographic technique based on the recognition of bony landmarks and the use of ultrasonographic signs to differentiate overlapping structures was developed and validated through gross anatomical study. In healthy volunteers, most tendons and ligaments were identified and well-defined in ≥ 80% of cases, except for the extensor carpi radialis brevis and extensor digiti minimi tendons on the lateral epicondyle (having common attachments with the extensor digitorum communis) and the palmaris longus tendon on the medial epicondyle (absent, or common attachment with the flexor carpi radialis). A step-by-step approach to the ultrasonographic assessment of tendons and ligaments at the humeral epicondyles allowed accurate identification of and differentiation among these structures, in particular those relevant to pathological conditions

Parâmetros genéticos e eficiência de seleção em progênies de meio-irmão de açaizeiro para caracteres de produção de frutos.

A crescente demanda na comercialização da bebida açaí, impulsionou o crescimento de novas áreas de plantios comerciais, porém, grande parte desses plantios foi instalada com sementes de origem genética desconhecida. Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos são de fundamentais importância para o planejamento e condução de programas de melhoramento, bem como na orientação na escolha do melhor método de seleção para se obter progressos genéticos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo estimar parâmetros genéticos entre progênies de meio-irmãos de açaizeiro e determinar a eficiência de seleção. Foram avaliados dez caracteres produtivos em 25 progênies, instaladas em 2001, em Santa Izabel, PA, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições e parcelas de cinco plantas, durante os três primeiros anos de produção. As análises anuais e conjunta foram feitas no software Genes. As variações nas estimativas dos parâmetros em cada ano mostraram a necessidade de avaliações repetidas em vários anos para obtenção de dados seguros nos caracteres NTM, NTC, PTF, PTC, PFC e RFC. Os caracteres NRC, CRC, PCF e APF apresentaram os maiores coeficientes de herdabilidades e melhor controle ambiental, o que se sugere ganhos genéticos consideráveis. As altas correlações genéticas existentes para os caracteres NTC, PTC e PFC, mostraram situação favorável para a obtenção de ganhos com a seleção indireta. Não houve diferença significativa na estimação dos progressos genéticos entre os métodos de seleção entre e dentro e seleção massal

Estudos preliminares para obtenção de híbridos intra e interespecíficos no açaizeiro (Euterpe spp).

O objetivo deste trabalho é obter híbridos entre Euterpe oleracea Mart. e Euterpe precatoria Mart. e seus recíprocosDispopnível também on-line